O suicídio no estado do Tocantins: uma abordagem epidemiológica, socioambiental e psicossocial

Abstract

This research aims to understand the phenomenon of suicide in the state of Tocantins, Brazil, from 2010 to 2019, from an epidemiological, socio-environmental and psychosocial perspective. It explores historical, socioeconomic, environmental, cultural and individual factors. The specific objectives include characterizing the epidemiological profile of suicide rates, describing associated demographic and socioeconomic variables, spatially analyzing the distribution of deaths, relating the development model of Tocantins and the municipality of Taipas to suicide rates, investigating suicides among Iny indigenous peoples and analyzing psychosocial aspects of deaths in Taipas through psychosocial autopsies. A variety of methods were used to achieve these objectives. The epidemiological approach used descriptive statistical analysis with a quantitative and qualitative approach and a literature review. From a socio-environmental perspective, spatial analysis was used to correlate Tocantins' development model with suicide rates. In the psychosocial approach, the psychosocial autopsy was applied, integrating social and anthropological aspects with the emotional states of individuals. Tocantins recorded 1,025 deaths by suicide in SIM/DATASUS, with an increase over the course of the historical series. Suicides are more prevalent among men, the elderly aged 70 to 79 and young adults aged 20 to 29. Single people with low levels of education are the majority. Hanging is the most common method and the home is the most frequent location. Agricultural workers are the most represented occupation, although the data is incomplete. Suicide rates among indigenous people are alarming, with 251.3 suicides per 100,000 inhabitants. Spatial analysis revealed specific patterns of suicide mortality in the state's health regions, highlighting areas with higher incidences. Socio-environmental transformations in Tocantins have a significant impact on suicide rates. Psychosocial autopsy interviews indicated a relationship between a history of mental illness, especially depression and alcohol abuse, and suicides. Socio-economic factors such as unemployment, poverty and lack of access to health resources increase the risk of suicide. Domestic and psychological violence also affect the mental health of victims. The absence of a support network aggravates symptoms and can lead to suicide. The research highlights the complexity of suicide and the need for a multifaceted approach to develop effective prevention and intervention strategies, as well as emphasizing the importance of future research to fill the gaps found.