Análise da divergência genética de genótipos de feijão-caupi ajustados à agricultura familiar através de descritores morfoagronômicos

Abstract

Cowpea is a crop of significant nutritional and socioeconomic importance, a valuable source of protein and minerals, and its cultivation is vital to ensuring food security. Selecting cultivars adapted to specific conditions is crucial to maximizing productivity. Genetic diversity studies are equally essential for selecting genotypes with high production potential and for driving progress in genetic improvement programs. This study aimed to characterize the genetic variability of cowpea genotypes using morphoagronomic descriptors, classify them based on genetic dissimilarity, and identify promising combinations for crossbreeding. The research was conducted at the Federal University of Tocantins, Gurupi Campus, using a randomized complete block design with four replicates. Ten superior genotypes from Cerrado's TechAgro germplasm bank, with semi-prostrate characteristics, were analyzed, in addition to two commercial cultivars—Pingo de Ouro and BRS Novaera—used as controls. The 47 morpho- agronomic descriptors, according to MAPA guidelines, were applied, including quantitative variables. The data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance and the Scott-Knott test (5%). The greatest genetic distance was found between genotypes FC 704 and FC 2407, while the smallest was between FC 2416 and FC 1101. The FC 3005 line stood out for its high productivity and significant genetic divergence, being recommended for crosses with FC 1101 and FC 2407. Genotypes such as FC 704, FC 2416, and FC 3005 showed excellent adaptability, while FC 305, FC 904, FC 2305, FC 2407, FC 2603, and Pingo de Ouro showed productive stability. The FC 3005 line exhibited excellent agronomic performance and is promising for integration into cropping systems.