As implicações das políticas públicas na realidade socioterritorial das comunidades quilombolas Prachata e Carrapiché, Esperantina – TO

Abstract

This work is the result of research conducted with two Quilombola communities in the municipality of Esperantina, the northernmost city in the state of Tocantins. This dissertation sought to analyze the territory, its territorialities, and specifically the problems these communities face regarding access to basic public policies. To this end, research methodological tools were used, such as Oral History, based on authors such as Branco (2020), Meihy (2002), and others, as well as Thompson (2002), Halbwachs (2004), and others who address individual and collective memory. The established procedures were adopted with the following steps: 1) bibliographic and documentary survey; 2) fieldwork with semi- structured interviews; 3) analysis of the collected data; 4) technical and scientific production. The proposal was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Tocantins (CAAE: 85220624.0.0000.5519) with the signing of a Free and Informed Consent Form (TCLE). To better understand the regional context, a sociohistorical analysis was conducted of the northern region of the state of Tocantins, known as the Bico do Papagaio region. This analysis involved a comprehensive literature review of the study area, incorporating different perspectives and perspectives from authors who study Tocantins, the Northern Region, Bico do Papagaio, and Brazil, and who directly and indirectly address the studied territory. The first chapters address the historical trajectory from two perspectives that corroborate our understanding of the migration, occupation, and emergence of the Bico do Papagaio region, through the occupation of southern Maranhão and the emergence of Boa Vista do Tocantins (Boa Vista do Padre João), and the emancipation processes of northern Goiás from another perspective, classified as a southern perspective. Further on, we discuss Black people in Brazil and their arrival in this northern region of Goiás (Goyazes) and their importance in the formation of Tocantins society. Population data and the main Black cities in northern Goiás are presented, which led to the emergence of Black communities in Tocantins, which this work discusses and their geographic location. Finally, this work presents the Carrapiché and Prachata communities in Esperantina, Tocantins, with their characteristics, territorial location, historical context of occupation, and their difficulties in accessing public policies. Regarding the analysis of the data obtained during the research stages, a qualitative approach was used, always seeking to understand the changes occurring in the territoriality of the communities studied, based on cultural, social, and economic aspects. As a result, the research highlighted the communities' fragility in accessing public policies regarding land recognition, access to housing, public transportation, education, and quality healthcare. This indicates a comparative analysis with other communities in order to understand the reality of Black communities regarding access to public policies in Brazil.