Desigualdades socioespaciais e seus reflexos na saúde pública: aspectos epidemiológicos das doenças diarreicas agudas (dda) na cidade de Araguaína

Abstract

The intensified urbanization process, given the characteristics of the technological revolution, brings changes in the way of life of cities. The so-called globalization caused changes in the cities' production process. In this sense, for the development of this research, the object of study starts from the understanding that the socio-spatial inequalities resulting from the rapid urban expansion of Araguaína - TO reflect on the population's quality of life, and therefore can be verified in the distribution of the health indicator incidence and / or prevalence of ADD in the urban space of the city. In this context, the main objective of this research was to analyze the reflection of the existing socio-spatial inequalities in Araguaína - TO, in the distribution of cases of ADD, taking them as an indicator of precariousness in basic sanitation conditions. Thus, to analyze the situation of these pertinent inequalities in Araguain's territorial formation, the study of this research took place methodologically by the category of geographic investigation of the territory used, since this category allows an analysis of the uses of the territory by the subjects individually or collectively, which makes it possible to reveal the present reality and its movement in relation to the past. To verify the effects on public health, basic sanitation issues were investigated in relation to water-borne diseases, with a focus on ADD, to characterize the outcome of health conditions resulting from the lack or access to water and sewage services. The study based on secondary data obtained from the Municipal Health Department and allowed the mapping of the prevalence of ADD and correlating its sectorized prevalence rates, as well as knowing the epidemiology of its condition in relation to socio- spatial transformations and infrastructure (income, housing conditions), environmental sanitation, etc.) in the city. Such transformations were analyzed as aspects of the Totality in the Miltonian theory and allowed to conclude on the hypotheses contradicted in the territory used in analysis, considering as categories of this fragmented and limited contradiction of the access to basic sanitation in the urban area of Araguaína. When we proceed with the statistical analysis and correlate the reported cases with access to the health service, an inefficiency in the municipal primary care network was evidenced, as well as particular situations that can be better dynamized by SEMUS through strategic actions to change the current grievance scenario in the city. Thus, it was demonstrated that in the context of diarrhea, the prevalence of cases in the city of Araguaína - TO is not directly related to the basic sanitation service offered, which can be inferred from some factors related to the social dimension (income, education, occupation, etc.) and spatial (location of the most vulnerable groups in the territory) combined with urban infrastructure for access to the city. Therefore, although it has not been demonstrated by direct correlation that factors such as housing and income are responsible for the outcome of the prevalence of the disease, qualitative analyzes show this fact.