Violação dos direitos das mulheres no Oriente Médio: Turquia e Afeganistão sob a perspectiva feminista

Abstract

The objective of this paper is to understand what motivated Turkey and Afghanistan to abandon international treaties in 2021, as well as to understand which were the main fundamental rightsof women relativized with the breaking of the agreements. The methodology is based on an intersectional analysis between politics, religion, and gender based on the black feminist theory,as the one that is closest to and able to explain and understand brown women, since it is a feminism capable of covering all and seeking to end the oppression of women. In this aspect the main authors used throughout the text were Rafia Zakaria, Leyla Erbil, and bell hooks. 2021was a year marked by Turkey's withdrawal from the Istanbul Convention and the breaking of the Doha Agreement (Afghan Peace Agreement), marking the lives of Muslim women in Turkey and Afghanistan with political setbacks and the relativization of fundamental rights bysexist and misogynist policies that try to erase the importance of women in spaces occupied bymen. Given that, at the end of the case study, from the domestic political agendas it was possible to notice that the interest of the two countries in leaving the international treaties was due to domestic political issues. Thus, the signing of the Istanbul Convention was part of the Turkish government's interest games to fulfill the requirements for joining the European Union. The Doha Agreement was a negotiation that there was no mutual interest (United States and Afghanistan) in protecting the fundamental rights of women or any human being, considering the conflicting context of the situation. Also, the United States was an ally for the Taliban's return to government as the Doha Agreement negotiations were directly with the Taliban, whichled the country into obscurantism again. Finally, with this topic I hope that more bibliographies of middle eastern women will be read to collaborate in the construction of International Relations as a recent discipline and theoretical field, as it is very difficult to see and find authorships of brown women in International Relations, when it is found it is usually in sociology or history. I also hope that this research will encourage more International Relationsstudents and professors to open research groups and studies on Middle East, it would be wonderful if we did not focus so much on Eurocentrism.