Uso de isolados do gênero Trichoderma spp. contra o fitopatógeno Fusarium solani

Abstract

The fungus of the genus Trichoderma has been successfully used in recent years as an effective Biological Control Agent (BCA) for fungal pathogens that attack crops of great economic interest; the effectiveness of BCA is due to 1) its high capacity to be found or cultivated in different soils and different substrates, 2) to own an accelerated growth, and 3) to contribute for the reduction of the use of inputs such as synthetic agrochemicals. The study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of fungi of the genus Trichoderma isolated from the Cerrado of Tocantins against the phytopathogen Fusarium solani. After performing the tests to evaluate the inhibition by volatile and non-volatile metabolites, antagonism test, and evaluation of the enzymatic activity (NAGase, quitinase β-1-3-glucanase) of Trichoderma isolates such as the phytopathogen F. solani, it was possible to observe that the isolate T. harzianum ALL-42 was considered the most efficient in the paired culture method. The isolates T. harzianum ALL-42 and T. asperelloides TR-356 showed the highest activities in the presence of macerated mycelium of the phytopathogen F. solani. Among the isolates present in the work, Trichoderma spp.1 and Trichoderma spp.2 were the ones that presented the lowest results in most tests; however, this does not exclude their possible potential as promoters of plant growth and competition. The isolates T. harzianum ALL-42 and T. asperelloides TR-356 stood out as potential biological control agents to be applied in the field in the control of agricultural pests, enzyme production and biotechnological use. It is concluded that the species of Trichoderma have the potential to act in inhibition and that it is already known that it also contributes to the growth and productivity of cultures. However, new tests need to be performed, as well as further studies to investigate this genre and its contributions to scientific research.