"Exercícios filosóficos": uma proposta de ensino de Filosofia com crianças nos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental

Abstract

The present study has as its theme: ―PHILOSOPHICAL EXERCISES‖: THE TEACHING OF PHILOSOPHY WITH CHILDREN IN THE EARLY YEARS. This research initially arises from professional and personal concern about the development of methodologies for teaching philosophy with children, later improved in the Professional Master's Program in Philosophy – PROF-FILO at the Federal University of Tocantins – UFT. In general, we aim to: investigate and develop methodologies for teaching philosophy with children at the Pequeno Criador/Absoluta School, seeking procedures for the Early Years of Elementary School. With the intention of elaborating a didactic material to be developed with the children. As specific objectives, we seek to investigate methodologies for teaching philosophy with children, to analyze the possibility of adapting existing methodologies from High School and to elaborate didactic material to work with children. Along the way, we developed the theoretical reference by dialoguing with the philosophers Lipman (1990, 1995 and 1997) and Kohan (2003, 2009, 2012 and 2015) and the contribution of the pedagogical base from Vygotsky's psychology. When developing the teaching material, we brought Kohan's inspirations from Philosophy With Children, Vygotsky (1984, 1998, 2009 and 2017) with the approach to learning development and the guidelines of the BNCC (2018) for the integral development of the child. Following the delimitation, the didactic material was not possible to its applicability due to the closing of the research locus, however, we highlight the important contributions of the philosophy starting from the experiences provoking the development of children's learning. Finally, we carry out and deliver the proposed material with freedom to adapt to different contexts so that it allows children to participate in reflective practices and thought experiences.