Sociedades pacíficas na agenda 2030: efeitos da violência direta no alcance do ODS 16 no Brasil (2016-2019)

Abstract

The end of the Cold War (1945-1991) brought big implications for international relations. In this scenario, the changes in the international aspect that contributed to the expansion of the concept of peace for the United Nations are portrayed, from the trajectory UN peace operations to the inclusion of the theme as one of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in the 2030 Agenda. In this context, SDG 16 (Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions) is oriented towards the best efforts to promote peaceful societies free from fear. Thus, the occurrence of limitations to its fulfillment by the signatories is of particular importance. Therefore, the objective of this work is to analyze the Brazilian level from 2016 to 2019 regarding selected SDG 16 monitoring indicators, seeking to understand the effects of the increase in direct violence in the face of its achievement. For this, Galtung's studies (1969) about peace and violence are used to present the understanding adopted in this work about direct violence. Thus, through qualitative research it is possible to conclude that the data as a whole shows insufficient progress. It can be seen, therefore, that the absence of indicators for monitoring SDG 16 and reviewing the goals, the underreporting of indicators produced and the increase in expressions of direct violence in Brazil - such as deaths resulting from police interventions and massive incarceration - point to a high risk of non-compliance with the SDG by 2030.