Impacto da dieta composta de ração suplementada com FeSO4.7H2O e com micélio de pleurotus sp. em modelos murinos associada ao tratamento com metotrexato

Abstract

Methotrexate (MTX) is an immunosuppressive, antiproliferative, chemotherapeutic, analogue of folic acid. MTX appears to be involved with serious adverse effects such as conjunctivitis, mucositis, gastrointestinal tract toxicity, acute and chronic hepatotoxicity, pulmonary toxicity, nephrotoxicity, and neurotoxicity. Pleurotus sp. is an edible mushroom that has been employed as dietary supplements contributing in reestablishing the health of patients. Thus, the present study had the objective of evaluating the impact of the compound diet supplemented with Pleurotus sp. in Swiss mice under treatment conditions with MTX. The feed supplemented with Pleurotus mycelium sp. was prepared from 50% of the substrate enriched with the fungus (dehydrated and comminuted) and 50% of the Biobase® (control) diet and increment of 1% FeSO4.7H2O, obtaining at the end a pellet feed for feeding mice. The experimental group consisted of four groups containing six (6) Swiss mice, G1 fed with control ration and administered 90 μL of 0.9% PBS, G2 fed control ration and administered 90 mg/Kg-1 of MTX, G3 fed with feed supplemented with Pleurotus sp. and administered 90 μL of 0.9% PBS, and the G4 fed with feed supplemented with Pleurotus sp. and administered 90mg/kg -1 of MTX, all intraperitoneally. The test group and control groups were evaluated for clinical aspects, body mass for seven days, leukocyte and biochemical framework for renal and hepatic function. Histological changes were evaluated aiming at understanding the toxic and beneficial action of supplementation during treatment with MTX. The composition of the supplemented ration presented increase in the levels of nitrogen (26.6g/kg -1), phosphorus (6.0g/kg -1) and potassium (6.5g/kg -1), boron (26mg/kg-1), iron (485mg/kg-1), and a 166.2% increase in crude protein. The importance of increasing the centesimal concentration present in the supplemented ration can aid in the nutritional properties of Pleurotus sp. grown in rice, however, it is necessary to characterize and quantify molecules present in mycelia for the understanding of the beneficial effect and participation of other molecules. Animals fed with supplemental feed under treatment with MTX appear to have shown a slight signaling in the number of total leukocytes relative to the control group. However, there was no statistical difference in the expansion of the pulp areas in the three groups (G1, G3 and G4) that are aspects of the immune system improvement. Thus, it is necessary to confirm these data in future experiments in comparison with the data obtained so far. Therefore, this work indicates that the use of Pleurotus mycelium sp. added in the diet of mice can contribute to the improvement of the physiological disorders caused during treatment with MTX.